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compagnia del leone, ricostruzione medievale, scherma, medioevo, eventi storici, condottieri, medioevale, rinascimento italiano, ricostruzione storica, scherma, forli, gruppo storico, flos duellatorum, spada, ewart oakeshott, oakeshott, crollalanza, polibio, elso, pomo, lama,lancia, cavalleria pesante, lanza, barbuta, palvesai, schioppettieri, Muzio Attendolo, Braccio da Montone, quattrocento, quattrocentesco, rinascimentale, soldo, aragona, stato della chiesa, repubblica di firenze, repubblica di venezia, ducato di milano, condotta, prestanza, colaterali, compagnie di ventura, provisionati, lanze spezzate,
flos duellatorum, roberto da san severino, ricostruzioni storiche, fotografie medievali, armature, armatura, celata, scudi, rotelle, 1475, 1495, forl', forum livii, caterina sforza, sforza.
History Research
- Italians Military Tactics in 15th century
Heavy cavalry spearmen constituted the basic tactic unit of the army. While rarely dismounting from their horses, during battles spearmen were arranged in groups of 25 units each, headed by a senior commander.
On the other hand, the increasingly growing infantry division was divided into three major categories: spearmen, palvesai and shooters. Whereas infantry had played a crucial role in defense and siege actions during the first half of the century, later on, equipped with swords and shields, it was often employed in offensive strategies as well. Used mainly against common field fortifications, infantry proved a very efficient tool for this kind of battles, and mostly on account of its shooters (schioppettieri). In fact, portable firearms were becoming increasingly common in those days.
From a tactical point of view, battlefield war strategies were influenced by two separate schools of thought, headed by two renowned condottieri: Muzio Attendolo and Braccio da Montone. While Attendolo preferred careful, gradual maneuvers, da Montone favored rash strategies where cavalry was encouraged to charge in alternate and rapid succession against the enemy.
As a general rule, however, the skillful 15th-century condottieri, commanders of composite, multifaceted armies, tended to determine their strategies in accordance with the individual battle situations they were confronted with rather than stick to any fixed set of norms. And as a result – in Italy as well as in the rest of Europe – they found themselves working closely with specific divisions of their armies, creating forms of cooperation that were bound to become more and more common.
